Glade

The application will not close correctly without explicitly binding the destroy signal. This is because signal handlers specified in the markup must be mapped to actual methods in the code. This is done with the connect_signals() method, which can be used in two different ways depending on the object passed:

• Class that implements the named methods exactly
• Dictionary that maps handler values from markup to function names

Handler objectDictionary

class Handlers():
    def on_window_destroy(self):
        Gtk.main_quit()

builder.connect_signals(Handlers())

handlers = {
    "on_window_destroy": Gtk.main_quit
}

builder.connect_signals(handlers)

import gi
gi.require_version("Gtk","3.0")
from gi.repository import Gtk
import sys


class Application(Gtk.Application):
    def __init__(self, *args, name = "World", **kwargs):
        self.name = name
        super().__init__(*args, application_id="org.example.myapp", **kwargs)

    def do_activate(self):
        builder = Gtk.Builder.new_from_file('hwp.glade')
        self.window = builder.get_object('window')
        self.window.connect("destroy",Gtk.main_quit)
        self.window.set_title(f'Hello, {self.name}!')
        label = builder.get_object('label')
        label.set_text(f'Hello, {self.name}!')
        self.window.show_all()
        self.window.present()

    def run(self):
        super().run()
        Gtk.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = Application(name=sys.argv[-1])
    app.run()

Hello, World! (interactive)

All of the examples in this task extend the following application markup and differ exclusively in the implementation of the on_button_clicked() signal handler.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.38.2 -->
<interface>
  <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.4"/>
  <object class="GtkApplicationWindow" id="window">
    <property name="width-request">200</property>
    <property name="height-request">200</property>
    <property name="can-focus">False</property>
    <signal name="destroy" handler="on_window_destroy" swapped="no"/>
    <child>
      <object class="GtkBox">
        <property name="can-focus">False</property>
        <property name="orientation">vertical</property>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkEntry" id="entry">
            <property name="can-focus">True</property>
            <property name="show-emoji-icon">True</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="expand">False</property>
            <property name="fill">True</property>
            <property name="position">0</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkButton" id="button">
            <property name="label">Greet</property>
            <property name="can-focus">True</property>
            <property name="receives-default">False</property>
            <signal name="clicked" handler="on_button_clicked" swapped="no"/>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="expand">False</property>
            <property name="fill">True</property>
            <property name="position">1</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkLabel" id="label">
            <property name="can-focus">False</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="expand">True</property>
            <property name="fill">True</property>
            <property name="position">2</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
      </object>
    </child>
  </object>
</interface>

LabelMessageDialog

import gi
gi.require_version("Gtk","3.0")
from gi.repository import Gtk
import sys


class Application(Gtk.Application):
    def __init__(self, name = "World", *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.name = name

    def do_activate(self):
        self.builder = Gtk.Builder.new_from_file('hwi.glade')
        self.window = self.builder.get_object('window')
        self.window.set_title(f"Hello, {self.name}!")
        self.builder.connect_signals(self)

        self.entry = self.builder.get_object('entry')
        self.entry.set_text(self.name)

        self.label = self.builder.get_object('label')

        self.window.show_all()
        self.window.present()

    def on_button_clicked(self, button):
        self.label.set_text(f'Hello, {self.entry.get_text()}!')
        self.window.set_title(f'Hello, {self.entry.get_text()}!')

    def on_window_destroy(self, arg):
        Gtk.main_quit()

    def run(self):
        super().run()
        Gtk.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        app = Application(sys.argv[1])
    except IndexError:
        app = Application()
    app.run()

import gi
gi.require_version("Gtk","3.0")
from gi.repository import Gtk
import sys


class Application(Gtk.Application):
    def __init__(self, name = "World", *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.name = name

    def do_activate(self):
        self.builder = Gtk.Builder.new_from_file('hwi.glade')
        self.window = self.builder.get_object('window')
        self.window.set_title(f"Hello, {self.name}!")
        self.builder.connect_signals(self)

        self.entry = self.builder.get_object('entry')
        self.entry.set_text(self.name)

        self.label = self.builder.get_object('label')

        self.window.show_all()
        self.window.present()

    def on_button_clicked(self, button):
        dialog = Gtk.MessageDialog(
            message_type=Gtk.MessageType.INFO,
            text=f"Hello, {self.entry.get_text()}",
            parent=self.window,
        )
        dialog.add_button("O_K", Gtk.ResponseType.OK)
        dialog.run()
        dialog.destroy()

    def on_window_destroy(self, arg):
        Gtk.main_quit()

    def run(self):
        super().run()
        Gtk.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        app = Application(sys.argv[1])
    except IndexError:
        app = Application()
    app.run()

Menu

GTK objects are declared using either special predefined elements (e.g. menu) or an object element with the class name itself specified in the class attribute. These syntaxes do not appear to be entirely interchangeable.

Predefined elementobject element

<menu id="app-menu">

<object class="GtkMenu" id="app-menu">

Here, each menu item is described by one of three attribute, identifiable in the attribute XML tags:

• action which names an action and class to handle the signal
• target specifies the string that displays in the menu item
• label whether or not the target attribute string should be translated

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<interface>
  <menu id="app-menu">
    <section>
      <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">
        Change label
      </attribute>
      <item>
        <attribute name="action">win.change_label</attribute>
        <attribute name="target">String 1</attribute>
        <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">String 1</attribute>
      </item>
      <item>
        <attribute name="action">win.change_label</attribute>
        <attribute name="target">String 2</attribute>
        <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">String 2</attribute>
      </item>
    </section>
  </menu>
</interface>

Examples

Hello, World!Basic example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.38.2 -->
<interface>
  <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.24"/>
  <object class="GtkApplicationWindow">
    <property name="can-focus">False</property>
    <child>
      <object class="GtkLabel">
        <property name="visible">True</property>
        <property name="can-focus">False</property>
        <property name="label" translatable="yes">Hello, World!</property>
      </object>
    </child>
  </object>
</interface>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<interface>
<menu id="app-menu">
  <section>
  <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">Change label</attribute>
  <item>
    <attribute name="action">win.change_label</attribute>
    <attribute name="target">String 1</attribute>
    <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">String 1</attribute>
  </item>
  <item>
    <attribute name="action">win.change_label</attribute>
    <attribute name="target">String 2</attribute>
    <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">String 2</attribute>
  </item>
  <item>
    <attribute name="action">win.change_label</attribute>
    <attribute name="target">String 3</attribute>
    <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">String 3</attribute>
  </item>
  </section>
  <section>
  <item>
    <attribute name="action">win.maximize</attribute>
    <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">Maximize</attribute>
  </item>
  </section>
  <section>
  <item>
    <attribute name="action">app.about</attribute>
    <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">_About</attribute>
  </item>
  <item>
    <attribute name="action">app.quit</attribute>
    <attribute name="label" translatable="yes">_Quit</attribute>
    <attribute name="accel">&lt;Primary&gt;q</attribute>
  </item>
  </section>
</menu>
</interface>