Japanese

NO and KOTO are both used to nominalize clauses and verbs in different contexts.

no

友達が話しているのが聞こえました。# (1)

1. "I heard my friends talking."

koto

今年の目標は、試験に合格することです。 # (1)

1. "My goal this year is to pass the exam."

IME

Typing in Japanese is done by applications known as IME (input method editor). The preedit or composition string refers to the string composed by the user using an IME, which can then be converted or rendered in the desired script.

For example, a user may input the string "watasinonamaehanakanodesu", which is rendered as the following preedit:

わたしのなまえはなかのです

By pressing the convert key Tab, the IME then opens a menu that allows the preedit to be converted to a mixture of hiragana and kanji:

私の名前は中野です

Some conventions date from ancient practice and are silently assumed now.

For example, the convention that F6 produces hiragana and F7 katakana is associated with ATOK, a Japanese IME with roots in the 1980s.

Microsoft's IME is built-in to Windows, but on Linux there are multiple IMEs available. Mozc appears to be the most popular, but fcitx5 is installed by default on Garuda and offers Mozc-like functionality.

Furigana

In HTML, furigana can be placed with the ruby and rt HTML tags, which are supported by Anki:

In order to render: 目標もくひょう (objective)

<ruby>目標<rt>もくひょう</rt></ruby>